November 20th

November 20th in Black History:

1695. Zumbi dos Palmares, the leader of a Brazilian Maroon settlement, was betrayed by an old companion, hunted down, taken prisoner and beheaded.
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1867. Howard University, named after Brigadier-General Oliver Otis Howard the brutal murderer of the Nez Perce people, was founded in Washington, D.C.

1873. The London gravesite of Mary Seacole, a Jamaican nurse who served in the Crimean War, was restored by British authorities. Seacole, an expert in cholera and malaria, offered her services to the British during the Crimean War, but Florence Nightingale, who had NO experience in cholera, was chosen instead. When Nightingale refused Seacole’s offer to help, Seacole traveled to the battlefield at her own expense and treated soldiers on the battlefield. Seacole’s skills saved the lives on many soldiers from both sides of the battle. Florence Nightingale became famous.
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1922. The NAACP's Spingarn Medal was awarded to Mary B. Talbert, the former president of the National Association of Colored Women, for service to African American women and for the restoration of the Frederick Douglas home in Southeast Washington, DC.

1923. Garrett A. Morgan received a patent for his three-way traffic signal. Up until then, traffic control signals had two signs; “Go” and “Stop”. Morgan, also creator of the respirator gas mask and many other innovations, invented the yellow intermediary step that is the basis of every traffic signal used today.
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1962. President John F. Kennedy issued an executive order barring racial discrimination in federally financed housing.

1965. The U.N. Security Council called for a boycott of Rhodesia.

1969. International football star Pele (Edson Aranes Do Nascimento) scores “O Milesimo”, his 1,000th professional goal in his 909th first-class match.

1976. “Awesome Dawesome,” Three-time Olympic gymnast Dominique Dawes is born in Siver Spring, Maryland. She will win an Olympic gold medal and two bronze medals. She will also win more national titles than any other gymnast-male or female.

1977. Walter Payton, of the Chicago Bears, rushes for NFL record 275 yards in one game.

1995. The European Union imposed an arms embargo and aid freeze on Nigeria, in condemnation of the November 10 execution of human rights activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and his eight co-defendants at the instigation of the Shell Petroleum Company. There was no mention of Shell's involvement.